Openai gym python. Oct 10, 2024 · pip install -U gym Environments.
Openai gym python There are thousands of environments. In this video, we learn how to do Deep Reinforcement Learning with OpenAI's Gym, Tensorflow and Python. I Mar 1, 2018 · OpenAI Gym Environment Full List. Jan 2, 2025 · 如何在Python中实现OpenAI的Gym 一、入门概述. May 3, 2019 · Q学習でOpen AI GymのPendulum V0を学習した; OpenAI Gym 入門; Gym Retro入門 / エイリアンソルジャーではじめる強化学習; Reinforce Super Mario Manual; DQNでスーパーマリオ1-1をクリアする(動作確認編) 強化学習でスーパーマリオエージェントを作ってみる Nov 27, 2019 · Welcome to the OpenAI Gym wiki! Feel free to jump in and help document how the OpenAI gym works, summarize findings to date, preserve important information from gym's Gitter chat rooms, surface great ideas from the discussions of issues, etc. 26. OpenAI Gym is a Python package comprising a selection of RL environments, ranging from simple “toy” environments to more challenging environments, including simulated robotics environments and Atari video game environments. Abre tu terminal o línea de comandos. 強化学習で利用する環境Env(を集めたライブラリ)では、OpenAI Gymが有名でよく使われてきました。 私もいくつか記事を書いたり、スクラップにまとめたりしてきました。 Mar 24, 2021 · これはOpenAI GymがPythonで利用可能なライブラリであるため。ですので、すでにPythonが何らかの形で端末にある場合には次に進めばよいですが、そうでなければPythonをダウンロードしてインストールしてください。 Implementation of Reinforcement Learning Algorithms. Jan 14, 2020 · 本記事ではAI学習を簡単に体験することが可能なライブラリ「OpenAI Gym」のインストール方法と実行例について載せる。 本コードの実施例…インベーダーゲームで敵にやられないように自動で学習している様子 www. 2 and demonstrates basic episode simulation, as well Using ordinary Python objects (rather than NumPy arrays) as an agent interface is arguably unorthodox. Focused on the LunarLander-v2 environment, the project features a simplified Q-Network and easy-to-understand code, making it an accessible starting point for those new to reinforcement learning. We will use it to load This is a fork of OpenAI's Gym library by its maintainers (OpenAI handed over maintenance a few years ago to an outside team), and is where future maintenance will occur going forward. Nov 29, 2024 · The OpenAI Gym is a popular open-source toolkit for reinforcement learning, providing a variety of environments and tools for building, testing, and training reinforcement learning agents. The pytorch in the dependencies Implementation of Reinforcement Learning Algorithms. Each solution is accompanied by a video tutorial on my YouTube channel, @johnnycode, containing explanations and code walkthroughs. OpenAI gym Installation. It’s useful as a reinforcement learning agent, but it’s also adept at testing new learning agent ideas, running training simulations and speeding up the learning process for your algorithm. This repo records my implementation of RL algorithms while learning, and I hope it can help others learn and understand RL algorithms better. multimap for mapping functions over trees, as well as a number of utilities in gym3. 0 。 首先安装一下 gym: 然后安装一下 pygame: 都安装好之后,可以写上下面的测试代码看是否能正常弹出一个游戏画面: 如果一切顺利,你将看到一个倒立摆小车在屏幕上移动,并随着时间步的推移而逐渐失去平衡。 This repository contains examples of common Reinforcement Learning algorithms in openai gymnasium environment, using Python. 10 with gym's environment set to 'FrozenLake-v1 (code below). If that’s the case, execute the Python 3 version of pip: pip3 install gym. Start python in interactive mode, like this: PROMPT> python Then paste the following, line by line: Feb 10, 2023 · # import the class from functions_final import DeepQLearning # classical gym import gym # instead of gym, import gymnasium #import gymnasium as gym # create environment env=gym. According to the documentation , calling env. pyplot as plt import gym from IPython import display %matplotlib i Jul 20, 2021 · To fully install OpenAI Gym and be able to use it on a notebook environment like Google Colaboratory we need to install a set of dependencies: xvfb an X11 display server that will let us render Gym environemnts on Notebook; gym (atari) the Gym environment for Arcade games; atari-py is an interface for Arcade Environment. 04 setting; Test Nov 7, 2023 · 猛戳!跟哥们一起玩蛇啊 👉 《一起玩蛇》🐍. ANACONDA. render() 方法。OpenAI Gym 是一个开源的强化学习库,它提供了一系列可以用来开发和比较强化学习算法的环境。 阅读更多:Python 教程 什么是 OpenAI Gym OpenAI Gym 是 Oct 11, 2021 · Thanks for some context, I submitted an issue and will try upgrading my docker image to Python 3. This wrapper can be easily applied in gym. It is a Python class that basically implements a simulator that runs the environment you want to train your agent in. sample() seen above. 💭 写在前面: 本篇是关于多伦多大学自动驾驶专业项目 Gym-CarRacing 的博客。 GYM-Box2D CarRacing 是一种在 OpenAI Gym 平台上开发和比较强化学习算法的模拟环境。 LunaLander is a beginner-friendly Python project that demonstrates reinforcement learning using OpenAI Gym and PyTorch. Getting Started With OpenAI Gym: The Basic Building Blocks; Reinforcement Q-Learning from Scratch in Python with OpenAI Gym; Tutorial: An Introduction to Reinforcement Learning Using OpenAI Gym Dec 21, 2024 · 在本文中,我们将深入探讨如何使用Python编程语言和OpenAI Gym库来设计和实现强化学习算法。 强化学习 是机器学习的一个重要分支,它通过 与 环境的交互,使智能体学会采取最优策略以最大化奖励。 Aug 5, 2022 · OpenAI Gym is an open source Python module which allows developers, researchers and data scientists to build reinforcement learning (RL) environments using a pre-defined framework. The Taxi-v3 environment is a Alright! We began with understanding Reinforcement Learning with the help of real-world analogies. All in all: from gym. start_video_recorder() for episode in range(4 Feb 22, 2019 · This is where OpenAI Gym comes in. I do not use pycharm. How about seeing it in action now? That’s right – let’s fire up our Python notebooks! We will make an agent that can play a game called CartPole. 0,然后 gym 版本是 0. PROMPT> pip install "gymnasium[atari, accept-rom-license]" In order to launch a game in a playable mode. 3. Here's a basic example: import matplotlib. Jan 13, 2025 · 文章浏览阅读1. FAQ; Table of environments; Leaderboard; Learning Resources The observations and actions can be either arrays, or "trees" of arrays, where a tree is a (potentially nested) dictionary with string keys. main_atari. 2. 25. logger Gym is an open source Python library for developing and comparing reinforcement learning algorithms by providing a standard API to communicate between learning algorithms and environments, as well as a standard set of environments compliant with that API. Runs agents with the gym. py: This file is used for generic OpenAI Gym environments for instance those that are in the Box2D category, these include classic control problems like the CartPole and Pendulum environments. Please try to model your own players and create a pull request so we can collaborate and create the best possible player. All environment implementations are under the robogym. The fundamental building block of OpenAI Gym is the Env class. The environments are written in Python, but we’ll soon make them easy to use from any language. The environment ID consists of three components, two of which are optional: an optional namespace (here: gym_examples), a mandatory name (here: GridWorld) and an optional but recommended version (here: v0). The documentation website is at gymnasium. 7 to see if that resolves the issue. 1 # number of training episodes # NOTE HERE THAT Jul 1, 2018 · Gym 是 OpenAI 所開源的 Reinforcement Learning 工具包。 安裝過程非常簡單,首先確保你的 Python version 在 3. It’s straightforward yet powerful. We originally built OpenAI Gym as a tool to accelerate our own RL research. Tutorials. 7/ pip3 install gym for python 3. Getting Started With OpenAI Gym: The Basic Building Blocks; Reinforcement Q-Learning from Scratch in Python with OpenAI Gym; Tutorial: An Introduction to Reinforcement Learning Using OpenAI Gym Apr 27, 2016 · OpenAI Gym is compatible with algorithms written in any framework, such as Tensorflow (opens in a new window) and Theano (opens in a new window). Also, if you want to install Gym with the latest merge Dec 26, 2024 · python安装gym版本,#如何安装Gym版本的Python库在机器学习和强化学习的开发中,OpenAI的Gym是一个非常流行的工具库,提供了各种环境来进行强化学习的实验。如果你刚入门,下面的流程和具体步骤将帮助你快速安装Gym并开始使用它。 Dec 27, 2024 · 如何在Python中安装OpenAI Gym? 要在Python中使用OpenAI Gym,首先需要安装它。可以通过运行pip install gym命令在终端或命令提示符中完成安装。如果需要额外的功能,比如图形界面或特定的环境,可以安装特定的版本,例如pip install gym[all]。确保在安装之前已经安装了 This is a fork of OpenAI's Gym library by its maintainers (OpenAI handed over maintenance a few years ago to an outside team), and is where future maintenance will occur going forward. For example, the following code snippet creates a default locked cube PyBullet Gymperium is an open-source implementation of the OpenAI Gym MuJoCo environments for use with the OpenAI Gym Reinforcement Learning Research Platform in support of open research. Gym also provides Tutorials. types. This work is towards a framework aimed towards learning to imitate human gaits. py: entry point and command line interpreter. 我们的各种 RL 算法都能使用这些环境. この環境に OpenAI Gym ライブラリをインストールしても良いのですが、Python のライブラリ間の依存関係 (ヴァージョン揃えたり) の解決には時間がかかるので、ここではあっさり以下のようにターミナルから強化学習用に Python の仮想環境を用意します。 Oct 16, 2017 · The openai/gym repo has been moved to the gymnasium repo. We then dived into the basics of Reinforcement Learning and framed a Self-driving cab as a Reinforcement Learning problem. OpenAI gym 就是这样一个模块, 他提供了我们很多优秀的模拟环境. Jan 29, 2023 · Gymnasium(競技場)は強化学習エージェントを訓練するためのさまざまな環境を提供するPythonのオープンソースのライブラリです。 もともとはOpenAIが開発したGymですが、2022年の10月に非営利団体のFarama Foundationが保守開発を受け継ぐことになったとの発表がありました。 Farama FoundationはGymを Jan 30, 2025 · Implementing Deep Q-Learning in Python using Keras & OpenAI Gym. Tutorial: Reinforcement Learning with OpenAI Gym EMAT31530/Nov 2020/Xiaoyang Wang Dec 16, 2020 · Photo by Omar Sotillo Franco on Unsplash. Exercises and Solutions to accompany Sutton's Book and David Silver's course. The MCTS Algorithm is based on the one from muzero-general which is forked from here . We then used OpenAI's Gym in python to provide us with a related environment, where we can develop our agent and evaluate it. make('CartPole-v1') # select the parameters gamma=1 # probability parameter for the epsilon-greedy approach epsilon=0. - zijunpeng/Reinforcement-Learning Aug 1, 2022 · I am getting to know OpenAI's GYM (0. I simply opened terminal and used pip install gym for python 2. Since its release, Gym's API has become the OpenAI Gym is a toolkit for developing and comparing reinforcement learning algorithms. Here’s a basic implementation of Q-Learning using OpenAI Gym and Python Dec 19, 2024 · 文章浏览阅读655次。OpenAI Gym 是一个用于开发和比较强化学习算法的工具包。它提供了一系列标准化的环境,这些环境可以模拟各种现实世界的问题或者游戏场景,使得研究人员和开发者能够方便地在统一的平台上测试和优化他们的强化学习算法。 Aug 17, 2016 · OpenAI/gymが学習結果の画面を表示するときにXの画面を使用しますが、bash on Windowsには入っていません。 対策として、昔からXの画面をWindowsで表示するフリーのソフトはいくつも開発されていますから、bashとは別にそれらをインストールすればよいはずです。 Real OpenAI gym interface for Franka Emika Panda robot - qgallouedec/franka_python Python 如何在服务器上运行 OpenAI Gym 的 . Oct 10, 2024 · pip install -U gym Environments. pyplot as plt import gym from IPython import display %matplotlib i Jan 3, 2023 · A general-purpose, flexible, and easy-to-use simulator alongside an OpenAI Gym trading environment for MetaTrader 5 trading platform (Approved by OpenAI Gym) gym-mtsim: OpenAI Gym - MetaTrader 5 Simulator MtSim is a simulator for the MetaTrader 5 trading platform alongside an OpenAI Gym environment for rein The environments extend OpenAI gym and support the reinforcement learning interface offered by gym, including step, reset, render and observe methods. make("AlienDeterministic-v4", render_mode="human") env = preprocess_env(env) # method with some other wrappers env = RecordVideo(env, 'video', episode_trigger=lambda x: x == 2) env. You can test the code by running the sample dqn model. Requirements: Python 3. The gym environment is based on the OpenAI gym package. And that’s it. - gym/setup. 6. Since its release, Gym's API has become the Apr 17, 2019 · Implementing Deep Q-Learning in Python using Keras & Gym The Road to Q-Learning There are certain concepts you should be aware of before wading into the depths of deep reinforcement learning. client. By default, the values of learning rate, discount factor, and number of episodes are 0. Gym is a standard API for reinforcement learning, and a diverse collection of reference environments#. The OpenAI Gym toolkit provides a collection of environments for training reinforcement learning agents, while RLlib offers an open-source library for building and managing reinforcement learning algorithms. When I try to run an environment as explained here, using the code: import gym env = gym. Creating the Frozen Lake environment using the openAI gym library and initialized a Q-table with zeros. Ejecuta este comando para instalar OpenAI Gym: pip install gym; Para Python 3, usa este comando: pip install gym[all] This is a set of OpenAI Gym environments representing variants on the classic Snake game. wrappers import RecordVideo env = gym. The two environments this repo offers are snake-v0 and snake-plural-v0. py,那麼會自動轉換為 Static Dispatch objects import win32com. com インストール手順(Windows)(1) $ pip install gym(2) $ pip install --no-index -f https Jan 31, 2025 · We’ll focus on Q-Learning and Deep Q-Learning, using the OpenAI Gym toolkit. 0,python 版本是 3. Sep 12, 2022 · I want to create a reinforcement learning model using stable-baselines3 PPO that can drive OpenAI Gym Car racing environment and I have been having a lot of errors and package compatibility issues. 3k次,点赞30次,收藏30次。特性GymGymnasiumIsaac Gym开发者OpenAI社区维护NVIDIA状态停止更新持续更新持续更新性能基于 CPU基于 CPU基于 GPU,大规模并行仿真主要用途通用强化学习环境通用强化学习环境高性能机器人物理仿真兼容性兼容 Gym API类似 Gym API是否推荐不推荐(已弃用)推荐推荐 OpenAI Gym es una librería de Python desarrollada por OpenAI para implementar algoritmos de Aprendizaje por Refuerzo y simular la interacción entre Agentes y Entornos. Oct 25, 2024 · In this guide, we’ll walk through how to simulate and record episodes in an OpenAI Gym environment using Python. OpenAI Universe is a platform that lets you build a bot and test it out. OpenAI的Gym是一个用于开发和比较强化学习算法的工具包。它提供了一些环境,这些环境可以用来训练和测试智能体(agent)。在这篇文章中,我们将逐步了解如何在Python中使用Gym,并创建一个简单的环境来进行测试。 This repository contains a collection of Python code that solves/trains Reinforcement Learning environments from the Gymnasium Library, formerly OpenAI’s Gym library. ) Jun 19, 2018. – Antoine Vo Commented Oct 11, 2021 at 5:28 A toolkit for developing and comparing reinforcement learning algorithms. Q-Learning: The Foundation. pip install gym; pip install gym[all] 모든 환경을 설치할 경우; apt-get install -y libglu1-mesa-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libosmesa6-dev xvfb ffmpeg curl patchelf libglfw3 libglfw3-dev cmake zlib1g zlib1g-dev swig; ubuntu 16. 8 ,pygame 版本是 2. Q-Learning is a value-based reinforcement learning algorithm that helps an agent learn the optimal action-selection policy. py at master · openai/gym Gym is an open source Python library for developing and comparing reinforcement learning algorithms by providing a standard API to communicate between learning algorithms and environments, as well as a standard set of environments compliant with that API. Feb 2, 2024 · 【摘要】 Python OpenAI Gym 中级教程:多智能体系统在强化学习中,多智能体系统涉及到多个智能体相互作用的情况。 在本篇博客中,我们将介绍如何在 OpenAI Gym 中构建和训练多智能体系统,并使用 Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients(MADDPG)算法进行协同训练。 OpenAI Gym is a toolkit for developing and comparing reinforcement learning algorithms. - pajuhaan/LunarLander Mar 31, 2018 · 程式語言:Python Package:pypiwin32 功能:利用 COM 控制 excel, word, ppt 等程式 Dynamic Dispatch Object 這表示程式只在使用時,才產生 COMOBJECT,缺點是並無對應的常數 但若已跑過 makepy. farama. The easiest way to convert Jupyter(. Python, OpenAI Gym, Tensorflow. The Gym interface is simple, pythonic, and capable of representing general RL problems: Gym is an open source Python library for developing and comparing reinforcement learning algorithms by providing a standard API to communicate between learning algorithms and environments, as well as a standard set of environments compliant with that API. gym3 includes a handy function, gym3. OpenAI’s Gym is (citing their website): “… a toolkit for developing and comparing reinforcement learning algorithms”. register through the apply_api_compatibility parameters. The OpenAI Gym: A toolkit for developing and comparing your reinforcement learning agents. Windows 可能某一天就能支持了, 大家时不时查看下 Oct 10, 2024 · pip install -U gym Environments. - dennybritz/reinforcement-learning I want to play with the OpenAI gyms in a notebook, with the gym being rendered inline. See What's New section below This is an environment for training neural networks to play texas holdem. 5 o superior. Once evolution finishes, you can try out your evolved network by doing: The bioimiitation-gym package is a python package that provides a gym environment for training and testing OpenSim models. This example uses gym==0. Se instala con pip, una herramienta clave de Python. Gym also provides I want to play with the OpenAI gyms in a notebook, with the gym being rendered inline. client obj = win32com. types_np that produce trees numpy arrays from space objects, such as types_np. youtube. org , and we have a public discord server (which we also use to coordinate development work) that you can join May 24, 2019 · pip install gym. The docstring at the top of Monte Carlo Tree Search for OpenAI gym framework General Python implementation of Monte Carlo Tree Search for the use with Open AI Gym environments. Jan 23, 2024 · OpenAI Gym是一个用于开发和比较强化学习算法的Python库。 它提供了一个标准化的环境,使得研究人员可以轻松地测试和比较他们的算法。 Gym库中的环境可以是简单的数学问题,也可以是复杂的机器人控制问题。 Algorithm Approach. step() should return a tuple containing 4 values (observation, reward, done, info). Aug 8, 2021 · 強化学習と聞くと、難しい感じがします。それにイマイチ身近に感じることができません。OpenAI Gymのデモを触れば、強化学習について少しは身近に感じることができます。この記事では、OpenAI Gymのインストール・動作確認を初心者でもわかるように解説しています。 Connect 4 is a two player, zero-sum, symetrical connection game, in which players take turns dropping one coloured disc from the top into a seven-column, six-row grid. Windows 可能某一天就能支持了, 大家时不时查看下 Nov 28, 2021 · *Python の MATLAB からの利用についてはこちら. 手动编环境是一件很耗时间的事情, 所以如果有能力使用别人已经编好的环境, 可以节约我们很多时间. 22. 30% Off Residential Proxy Plans!Limited Offer with Cou OpenAI Gym environment for AirSim. 12. 5 以上,然後使用 pip UAVGym是一个用python编写的GYM风格的无人机仿真环境,用于强化学习算法的研究。. OpenAI Gym は、非営利団体 OpenAI の提供する強化学習の開発・評価用のプラットフォームです。 強化学習は、与えられた 環境(Environment)の中で、エージェントが試行錯誤しながら価値を最大化する行動を学習する機械学習アルゴリズムです。 main. snake-v0 is the classic snake game. 1. Core concepts: Agents : LLMs configured with instructions, tools, guardrails, and handoffs Jan 20, 2023 · 前提. Sep 13, 2024 · Introduction to OpenAI Gym OpenAI Gym provides a wide range of environments for reinforcement learning, from simple text-based games to complex physics simulations. Open AI Gym comes packed with a lot of environments, such as one where you can move a car up a hill, balance a swinging pendulum, score well on Atari games, etc. Download files. Alright, so we have a solid grasp on the theoretical aspects of deep Q-learning. py: This file is used for OpenAI Gym environments that are in the Atari category, these are classic video games like Breakout and Pong. The pieces fall straight down, occupying the lowest available space within the column. 04 or 18. By data scientists, for data scientists. 8, 0. Gym is an open source Python library for developing and comparing reinforcement learning algorithms by providing a standard API to communicate between learning algorithms and environments, as well as a standard set of environments compliant with that API. 1) using Python3. Dispatch ("Excel This will run neat-python on the CartPole-v1 environment using the parallel fitness evaluator, so you can take advantage of all the cores on your computer. May 24, 2017 · I am trying to use the famous 'Gym' module from OpenAI on WSL and executing code on python 3. py) Install ipython libraries (Of course, you can skip if already installed. OpenAI Gym: the environment Feb 10, 2018 · 概要強化学習のシミュレーション環境「OpenAI Gym」について、簡単に使い方を記載しました。類似記事はたくさんあるのですが、自分の理解のために投稿しました。強化学習とはある環境において、… These changes are true of all gym's internal wrappers and environments but for environments not updated, we provide the EnvCompatibility wrapper for users to convert old gym v21 / 22 environments to the new core API. Download the file for your platform. May 17, 2023 · OpenAI Gym is a free Python toolkit that provides developers with an environment for developing and testing learning agents for deep learning models. . main. If you find the code and tutorials helpful Apr 23, 2016 · Gym: A universal API for reinforcement learning environments. In this blog, we will explore the basics of reinforcement learning and how to use Python with OpenAI Gym and RLlib. In this tutorial, you will learn how to implement reinforcement learning with Python and the OpenAI Gym. This is the gym open-source library, which gives you access to a standardized set of environments. 不过 OpenAI gym 暂时只支持 MacOS 和 Linux 系统. Sep 5, 2023 · According to the source code you may need to call the start_video_recorder() method prior to the first step. 5+ OpenAI Gym; NumPy; PyQT 5 for graphics; Please use this bibtex if you want to cite this repository in your publications: gym-snake is a multi-agent implementation of the classic game snake that is made as an OpenAI gym environment. org , and we have a public discord server (which we also use to coordinate development work) that you can join Apr 24, 2020 · We will first briefly describe the OpenAI Gym environment for our problem and then use Python to implement the simple Q-learning algorithm in our environment. Pasos para la instalación. Para instalarla en Google Colab, se utiliza el comando «pip». envs module and can be instantiated by calling the make_env function. You can Feb 26, 2017 · 手动编环境是一件很耗时间的事情, 所以如果有能力使用别人已经编好的环境, 可以节约我们很多时间. ipynb) to Python(. If you're not sure which to choose, learn more about installing packages. Aug 8, 2017 · open-AI 에서 파이썬 패키지로 제공하는 gym 을 이용하면 , 손쉽게 강화학습 환경을 구성할 수 있다. make('Cart The OpenAI Agents SDK is a lightweight yet powerful framework for building multi-agent workflows. render() 在本文中,我们将介绍如何在服务器上运行 OpenAI Gym 的 . make and gym. It includes simulated environments, ranging from very simple games to complex physics-based engines, that you can use to train reinforcement learning algorithms. The primary Python implementation of the CartPole environment for reinforcement learning in OpenAI's Gym. About Us Anaconda Cloud Dec 9, 2024 · 我的 torch 版本是 2. gym package 를 이용해서 강화학습 훈련 환경을 만들어보고, Q-learning 이라는 강화학습 알고리즘에 대해 알아보고 적용시켜보자. Contribute to Lyytimmy/UAVGym development by creating an account on GitHub. Nov 21, 2018 · @PaulK, I have been using gym on my windows 7 and windows 10 laptops since beginning of the year. Para usar OpenAI Gym, necesitas Python 3. Not using python's built-in module anymore, using gym. Saved searches Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly Apr 7, 2017 · Now install these gym dependencies mentioned on openai gym repo apt-get install -y python-numpy python-dev cmake zlib1g-dev libjpeg-dev xvfb libav-tools xorg-dev python-opengl libboost-all-dev libsdl2-dev swig Aug 10, 2017 · OpenAI Gym provides a simple interface for interacting with and managing any arbitrary dynamic environment. They range from classic Atari games, Minecraft, and Grand Theft Auto, to protein fold simulations that can cure cancer. 95, and 10000 respectively in the given Python script. An immideate consequence of this approach is that Chess-v0 has no well-defined observation_space and action_space; hence these member variables are set to None. 5. For some Linux distributions and for MacOS the default Python commands points to a default installation of Python 2. cbuc ixnoa mebga ipftosv yefgup ryyntxc ivchn bkaruyh lgzp mnvt enectl sapgraj jlww uxomtbb dwopz